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Raspbian is a Debian based operating system supported by Raspberry Pi foundation.

We are going to install Raspbian Lite Jessy in a Raspberry Pi 3 model B.

Download and install Raspbian

Download Raspbian:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/

Installation guide:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/installing-images/README.md

I download Raspbian Jessie Lite:
$ wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite_latest

How to install Raspbian image on Linux based system:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/installing-images/linux.md

First I uncompress the downloaded image:
$ unzip raspbian_lite_latest
Archive: raspbian_lite_latest
inflating: 2017-01-11-raspbian-jessie-lite.img


You need to insert a micro SD in your computer.
Check carefully you select the right device and don't format your computer partitions.
Also select the whole device: e.g /dev/sdb and not a partition only.
$ sudo dd if=2017-01-11-raspbian-jessie-lite.img of=/dev/sdb bs=5M
265+1 records in
265+1 records out
1390411776 bytes (1.4 GB, 1.3 GiB) copied, 299.277 s, 4.6 MB/s

Insert the micro SD in the Raspberry Pi device.

Connect HDMI monitor to the HDMI output in Raspberry Pi.

Connect a usb keyboard.

Connect a power source 5V 2A via USB OTG port.

Boot Raspberry Pi

After connecting the power source you should see the system starting up.

Once boot process is complete it will ask you for user and password.

Default user and password are:

user: pi
pass: raspberry


We change password:

$ passwd pi # Change pi password.

Keyboard configuration in console

We configure the console keyboard.

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

Restart the Raspberry or execute:
$ sudo service keyboard-setup restart

https://wiki.debian.org/Keyboard

Configure a static address for a network interface

Since I will use the Raspberry device as a server, I want it to always use the same IP address.
https://www.modmypi.com/blog/how-to-give-your-raspberry-pi-a-static-ip-address-update

Edit dhcpcd.conf file and use the values that suit you.
$ sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

interface eth0

static ip_address=192.168.0.10/24
static routers=192.168.0.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1

Reboot the raspberry pi.

Configure your raspberry

raspi-config is a tool to automate Raspberry Pi configuration.

$ sudo raspi-config

You can configure the locales there.


Enable ssh server:
Advanced options -> enable sshd


Enable VNC server


After you finish the configuration, reboot the Raspberry.

Install several tools:

Some programs you find useful, e.g:
$ sudo aptitude install screen
$ sudo aptitude install htop

Install Xorg from a minimal raspbian installation

If you want to install Xorg windows.

$ sudo aptitude install xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
$ sudo aptitude install xserver-xorg
$ sudo aptitude install xinit

A window manager too:
$ sudo aptitude install i3-wm

Launch X from console
$ startx

To configure the keyboard for Xorg.
$ setxkbmap es # To configure Spanish keyboard in xterm.

Adding a new user

If you don't want to get stuck to default user pi, you can create another one.

$ sudo adduser my_user
$ sudo adduser my_user sudo # add my_user user to sudo group.

REFERENCE

Debian and Raspberry Pi
https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi
https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi3